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ACCOUNTING BASIS

CASH OR ACCRUAL, AND WHY IT DECIDES EVERYTHING.

QUICK ANSWER

Cash basis records the deposit. Accrual basis records the work. That one difference decides whether your books have accounts receivable and accounts payable at all. Without those two accounts, a P&L can only tell you what a month collected. It can't tell you what the month earned. Most subcontractors can't say which basis they're on. Usually a bookkeeper set it during software setup years ago, and the tax return may be filed on a different basis than the reports you read. Find out before you make another decision from a report. On cash basis a strong month and a good collection month look the same, and you can't have a WIP schedule at all. Which basis your return is filed on, and every rule attached to that, is your CPA's work.

If you don't know your basis, every conclusion you take from the report has the same error in it. Say you read a cash basis P&L in a month when two general contractors paid late. You see a loss on work that earned money, and you cut something. The report was telling you when the checks came in. Then you read a strong month that was really three collections in the same month, and you price the next bid off it. Both reports were correct for what they measure. They told you what you collected, and you needed to know what you earned.

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BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-08Updated 2026-11-14
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

Accounting basis is the rule that decides when a transaction goes into your books. Cash basis records revenue when the deposit clears and cost when the payment leaves. Accrual basis records revenue when the work is earned and cost when it's incurred, whether or not any money has moved.

The basis and the revenue recognition method are two separate choices, and people confuse them all the time. The basis decides whether receivables and payables exist in the books. The method, meaning percentage of completion or completed contract, decides how a long contract's revenue gets spread across the periods it covers. You need accrual before you can even ask the second question. So settle the basis first. It's usually the last thing anybody checks.

Nothing here is a recommendation about your tax filing. Businesses commonly keep management books that support job costing and a WIP schedule while their return is filed on whatever basis their CPA determines applies to them. Both can be true at once. The trouble starts when you manage the business off whichever set of numbers somebody printed most recently.

WHAT WE SEE IN THIS BUSINESS

WHAT THE BASIS DOES TO THE REPORT.

01

Nobody in the business can say which basis the books are on

It gets set once during software setup and nobody looks at it again. The person who set it is often gone. You can tell from the balance sheet. If accounts receivable and accounts payable have no balances, or if they only appear once a year at the CPA's adjustment, the operating books are kept on cash. That's a five minute check nobody does, and the basis governs every other number in the file.

02

A cash basis P&L reports collections and calls it profit

On cash basis, a month where two general contractors paid on time looks profitable. A month where both paid late looks like a loss. Your crews did the same work in both. Worse, the report improves if you stop paying vendors, because an unpaid bill stays out of the books until the check goes out. You can't manage from a number that gets better when you do something harmful, whatever else it's useful for.

03

Job costing and WIP can't be built on it

A WIP schedule compares cost incurred to date against revenue earned to date, and cash basis records neither of those. Job costing has the same problem. A material invoice received in March and paid in May puts the cost in the wrong month, on a job that may already be closed. So you can't use the two tools that tell you whether the work is earning. The cause is the basis, so new software won't fix it.

THE MATH

WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE IN DOLLARS.

Worked example, our math and not a benchmark

Take one month where the crews bill $400,000 of completed work and collect $180,000 of older invoices. Cost incurred that month is $310,000, of which $250,000 got paid. On cash basis the month reports $180,000 of revenue against $250,000 of cost, which is a $70,000 loss. On accrual it reports $400,000 against $310,000, which is $90,000 of profit. Same crews, same jobs, same month, and the two reports are $160,000 apart.

Worked example, how a cash month gets improved by doing nothing

Take that same month and hold $60,000 of vendor payments until the first week of the following month. Cash basis cost falls to $190,000, and the reported loss becomes a $10,000 loss. That's an improvement of $60,000, and no job, hour or price changed. Accrual doesn't move at all, because the cost was incurred either way. That's why accrual is the basis to manage from.

HOW SPM FIXES IT

WHAT WE SETTLE IN THE FIRST MONTH.

We tell you which basis you're on, in writing

The first read of the books answers it. It shows whether receivables and payables hold balances every month or appear once at year end, whether vendor invoices are entered when received or when paid, and whether the reports you read agree with the return that got filed. Most owners have never been told the answer in a sentence. It goes in writing, so the next conversation starts from a fact.

The operating reports get produced on accrual

Job costing, the WIP schedule, the cost to complete, and the CEO report all require cost recorded when incurred and revenue recorded when earned, so the management books are built that way. What basis your return is filed on is your CPA's determination, and it doesn't change what your operating reports need. Where the two differ, the difference gets documented, so nobody argues about it every spring.

Keep receivables and payables current every month

Accrual only works if invoices go in when they're sent and vendor bills go in when they're received, every month, inside the close. If you rebuild a year of receivables and payables all at once, you get a balance sheet that ties and monthly reports you never got to use. The habit is what gets delivered here, and the close date keeps it going.

One reconciliation between your reports and your return

The bridge between what your operating reports say and what the filed return says gets documented once and updated, so nobody spends March arguing about which number is real. Your CPA gets a clean accrual file to work from, and that's usually what they care about most. The questions that come back in the spring are then about the return.

WHAT YOU GET

THE OUTPUTS, NAMED.

A written answer on which basis your books are currently using
Accrual operating books with receivables and payables maintained inside every close
A WIP schedule and a cost to complete, both of which require the accrual basis to exist
A documented bridge between the operating reports and the filed return
A clean accrual file for your CPA at year end, ready to work from
$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. We don't bill by the hour, and we don't do payroll. The one-time onboarding fee is in the table.

Built for subs doing $1M to $12M. Above $12.5M we quote.

Last 12 months revenueCoreStrategicPlatinumOne-time onboarding
Under $1M$1,900$3,100$3,300$2,500
$1M to $3.5M$2,600$4,100$5,300$4,500
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800$5,900$8,300$6,000
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100$7,600$11,800$7,500
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100$8,900$14,900$9,000
Above $12.5MQuotedQuotedQuotedQuoted

The onboarding fee covers migrating your books back to the start of your last taxable year and getting you fully operational in 60 days. It's billed once, with your first invoice. It's the same for all three tiers, and it moves with your revenue band. Your first month is prorated, and your monthly engagement starts on the first of the first full month.

Just want the setup? Onboarding only is the same onboarding work with no monthly service after it, one time, at the onboarding fee plus $2,000. Start a monthly engagement later and $2,000 counts toward it. It starts at $4,500, and the price for every band is on the pricing page.

The three tier columns are the whole price. Which one fits depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items. The onboarding fee is right here in the table.

  • Online software only: QuickBooks, Sage, Viewpoint and similar. No VPN or hosted desktop.
  • Not in any tier: payroll, pay applications, collections on receivables.
  • Pricing valid through 2027.
Core

CFO work. Your own bookkeeper keeps doing the books.

We build your plan every month. Your team does the work.

You get the CFO work: job costing built to match the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, WIP every month, and a monthly meeting that ends with decisions.

Your bookkeeper still does the books.

Strategic

Core, plus bookkeeping and bank reconciliations, plus job costing and WIP software set up and managed for you. Use your own online accounting software or we supply it, one price.

We build the plan, track it and adjust it every month.

We only work with trade subcontractors. We know what to look for, and we fix problems while they're still small. Everything in Core, plus the bookkeeping and bank reconciliations done for you, and the job costing and WIP software set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed every month. Use your own online software, or move to ours and we pay for it.

Our team does the bookkeeping and the reconciliations. We don't do payroll.

Platinum

Strategic, plus a controller who handles payables and receivables the way an in-house controller would. You approve every payment.

We manage the money side for you, every week.

Everything in Strategic, plus our team does the controller work. We handle your bills and receivables the way an in-house controller would: we call vendors, pay the bills and keep the accounting current. We plan the cash flow first, and you approve every payment because it is your money.

Our team does the payables and receivables. We don't do payroll, pay applications or collections.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

Accrual, for the reports the owner reads. Cash basis records the deposit and accrual basis records the work. Without receivables and payables, a P&L can't show what a month earned and you can't build a WIP schedule. The tax return can still be filed on a different basis.

Open the balance sheet and look for accounts receivable and accounts payable. If both hold balances every month that move with your billing and your vendor invoices, the books are on accrual. If they're empty, or they only appear at year end when your CPA adjusts them, the operating books are on cash. Then ask your bookkeeper one question: is a vendor bill entered the day it comes in, or the day it gets paid? The answer confirms it.

Businesses commonly keep management books that support job costing and a WIP schedule while the return is filed on whatever basis their CPA determines applies. Whether that describes your business, which basis your return should be filed on, and every rule and consequence attached to that choice is your CPA's work, and we leave it to them. We make the operating books usable and document the bridge between them and the return.

Because a WIP schedule compares cost incurred to date against revenue earned to date, per job, and cash basis records neither of those figures. It records payments made and deposits received. You can't get a defensible percent complete out of cash basis data, however you arrange it. So a bank or a surety asking for a WIP schedule is also asking for accrual books behind it.

It changes almost everything your bank sees. On cash basis your revenue follows collections, so your best month reads as your best work. Your receivables, your payables and your working capital position are all missing from the statement. A banker reading that has no way to price the risk. Accrual books with a WIP schedule behind them give a lender the two things a credit decision relies on: earned revenue, and what's still owed in both directions.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, SPM The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · SPM THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Josh Luebker is a master electrician turned construction CFO, president of SPM The Construction CFO and author of CONTROL: C.F.O.S. Construction Financial Operating System.

DO YOU KNOW WHICH BASIS YOUR BOOKS ARE ON RIGHT NOW?

Josh spends twenty minutes asking how your books are kept, when costs get recorded, and which reports you read off them. Nothing's sold on that call and nothing's proposed. If he can help, you'll schedule a longer second call.

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