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ONE PROBLEM, IN DETAIL

INTERIOR: THE TI FLOAT

QUICK ANSWER

Tenant-improvement work is based on allowances ($15 to $80 per square foot by market and asset class) that reimburse AFTER the work: the contractor gets paid by a tenant who gets paid by a landlord only on a clean draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, proof of completion), typically 30 to 60 days after submission, and some deals hold the entire allowance until certificate of occupancy.

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This page covers one problem. The other places this trade loses margin are on the interior operating system page.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-11-02
WHAT BREAKS

WHERE THE MONEY GOES.

The TI float (financing the landlord's building)

Tenant-improvement work is based on allowances ($15 to $80 per square foot by market and asset class) that reimburse AFTER the work: the contractor gets paid by a tenant who gets paid by a landlord only on a clean draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, proof of completion), typically 30 to 60 days after submission, and some deals hold the entire allowance until certificate of occupancy. The published tenant-side advice says it plainly: "you need working capital to float construction, which catches a lot of first-time tenants by surprise." It's harder on their contractors.

WHAT THE NUMBERS SAY

THE COST, SOURCED.

Sourced anchors

$15-80/SF allowance ranges; 30-60 day draw reimbursement on clean packages; staged-release vs CO-release structures; "push hard for progress payments instead of single reimbursement at completion." (TI allowance guides, 2026)

WHAT THIS TRADE SHOULD EARN

THE NUMBER TO MEASURE IT AGAINST.

Interior contractors have about 6% net profit at $1M to $5M, rising to roughly 9% at $5M to $10M. The CFOS net profit target is 10% before taxes at $1M to $5M, the trade's average plus 3.5 points, never below 10%. You find a problem like this in the distance between those two figures. One bad job won't tell you.

Gross margin over the same bands is 19% to 21%,against CFOS targets of 22% and 23.5%.

Full interior benchmark bands by revenue

WHAT CONTROLS IT

THE SYSTEM THAT FIXES THIS.

Cash Flow Cycle System

Billing, documentation and collections, which is where the slow days come from.

How the Cash Flow Cycle System works

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

Landlord to tenant to contractor, after the work is done. You bill the tenant. The tenant submits a draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, completion proof) to the landlord. Reimbursement comes 30 to 60 days later, or at certificate of occupancy on tighter deals. Build the draw package as the work happens, and negotiate staged releases before you sign. The float is real and someone is paying for it.

Interior contractors at $1M to $5M net 6 percent on average, rising to 13 percent by $25M to $50M; the CFOS net profit target is 10 percent before taxes at $1M to $5M, since the target is the trade average plus 3.5 points and never below 10. The money goes to TI-float holding cost nobody priced, work-letter scope seams, and building rules you find out about mid-project when you should have known on bid day. Every net profit figure here is gross margin minus overhead, stated before taxes, the same basis CFMA reports net income on.

See the full benchmarks for every revenue band on Run On CFOS.

Walk the building rules before you bid: freight elevator windows, after-hours requirements, noise curfews, protection standards, approved vendors. Each one costs production and has a price. Specialists price them as line items. Generalists find out about them on the tenant's schedule.

Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. On Core we build your plan every month and your team does the work: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. On Strategic we build the plan, track it and adjust it every month: our team does the bookkeeping and the bank reconciliations, and the job costing and WIP software is set up and managed for you, on your own online software or ours. On Platinum we manage the money side for you every week: our team handles your bills and receivables the way an in-house controller would, and you approve every payment. We don't do payroll.

Sixty days. We migrate your books back to the start of your last taxable year and build your job costing structure from scratch, and on Strategic and Platinum we set up the job costing and WIP software too. You're fully up and working in two months. The onboarding fee is one time, the same for every tier, and set by your revenue band.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, SPM The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · SPM THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Josh Luebker is a master electrician turned construction CFO, president of SPM The Construction CFO and author of CONTROL: C.F.O.S. Construction Financial Operating System.

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