INTERIOR: THE TI FLOAT
Tenant-improvement work is based on allowances ($15 to $80 per square foot by market and asset class) that reimburse AFTER the work: the contractor gets paid by a tenant who gets paid by a landlord only on a clean draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, proof of completion), typically 30 to 60 days after submission, and some deals hold the entire allowance until certificate of occupancy.
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This page covers one problem. The other places this trade loses margin are on the interior operating system page.
WHERE THE MONEY GOES.
Tenant-improvement work is based on allowances ($15 to $80 per square foot by market and asset class) that reimburse AFTER the work: the contractor gets paid by a tenant who gets paid by a landlord only on a clean draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, proof of completion), typically 30 to 60 days after submission, and some deals hold the entire allowance until certificate of occupancy. The published tenant-side advice says it plainly: "you need working capital to float construction, which catches a lot of first-time tenants by surprise." It's harder on their contractors.
THE COST, SOURCED.
$15-80/SF allowance ranges; 30-60 day draw reimbursement on clean packages; staged-release vs CO-release structures; "push hard for progress payments instead of single reimbursement at completion." (TI allowance guides, 2026)
THE NUMBER TO MEASURE IT AGAINST.
Interior contractors have about 6% net profit at $1M to $5M, rising to roughly 9% at $5M to $10M. The CFOS net profit target is 10% before taxes at $1M to $5M, the trade's average plus 3.5 points, never below 10%. You find a problem like this in the distance between those two figures. One bad job won't tell you.
Gross margin over the same bands is 19% to 21%,against CFOS targets of 22% and 23.5%.
THE SYSTEM THAT FIXES THIS.
Billing, documentation and collections, which is where the slow days come from.
FREQUENTLY ASKED.
See the full benchmarks for every revenue band on Run On CFOS.
