INTERIOR: THE TI FLOAT
Tenant-improvement work runs on allowances ($15 to $80 per square foot by market and asset class) that reimburse AFTER the work: the contractor gets paid by a tenant who gets paid by a landlord only on a clean draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, proof of completion), typically 30 to 60 days after submission, and some deals hold the entire allowance until certificate of occupancy.
This page covers one problem. The full picture for this trade, including the other places margin leaks, is on the interior operating system page.
WHERE THE MONEY GOES.
Tenant-improvement work runs on allowances ($15 to $80 per square foot by market and asset class) that reimburse AFTER the work: the contractor gets paid by a tenant who gets paid by a landlord only on a clean draw package (paid invoices, lien waivers, proof of completion), typically 30 to 60 days after submission, and some deals hold the entire allowance until certificate of occupancy. The published tenant-side advice says it plainly: "you need working capital to float construction, which catches a lot of first-time tenants by surprise." It catches their contractors harder.
THE COST, SOURCED.
$15-80/SF allowance ranges; 30-60 day draw reimbursement on clean packages; staged-release vs CO-release structures; "push hard for progress payments instead of single reimbursement at completion." (TI allowance guides, 2026)
THE NUMBER TO MEASURE IT AGAINST.
Interior contractors run about % net profit at $1M to $5M, rising to roughly 9% at $5M to $10M. The CFOS target at $1M to $5M is10%, set at 10 percent before taxes or 3.5 points better than your trade's average at your revenue, whichever is higher. A problem like this one lives in the distance between those two figures rather than in a loss on any single job.
Gross margin over the same bands runs % to 21%, against a CFOS target of 10%.
THE SYSTEM THAT FIXES THIS.
Billing, documentation and collections, which is where the days hide.
