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EQUIPMENT ACCOUNTING

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT.

QUICK ANSWER

Equipment accounting has three separate questions, and most contractors answer only the first. Capitalize or expense decides whether a purchase becomes an asset on the balance sheet or a cost against this month's profit. Depreciation then spreads that asset's cost across the years it works. It's a book entry, and no cash goes out. The third question decides margin: does any of that cost ever reach a job through an ownership rate. A machine you already own can cost a job nothing on the report while it costs the company several hundred dollars a day. That failure is in the job costing.

This stays broken because the accounting treatment and the job costing treatment belong to different people. Your CPA needs the asset on the balance sheet and the depreciation on the return, and that work is theirs. Your estimator needs an hourly or daily rate covering ownership so the bid doesn't give the iron away. Neither one produces the other. If you assume the tax return took care of it, you'll bid the next job with an equipment cost of zero. Everything on this page is accounting and job costing treatment. The elections, the schedule, and the tax outcome are your CPA's call.

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BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-08Updated 2026-11-13
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

Property, plant and equipment is the long lived assets a contractor owns and uses to produce work. They are recorded on the balance sheet at what was paid for them and written down across the years they're used. They are not expensed in the month they were bought.

A written capitalization policy keeps the decision consistent. It sets a dollar threshold and an expectation of useful life. A small tool is expensed and a machine is capitalized, and nobody decides case by case when the invoice comes in. Set the threshold with your CPA, because it interacts with the return. Then write it down so your bookkeeper isn't making the call alone. Repairs that keep a machine working are expenses. Work that extends its life or adds capability is usually capitalized as an improvement. Agree on that line in advance, before an audit.

PP&E also changes the statement an outsider reads. Expensing everything understates the assets, which understates equity. Equity is one of the two figures a surety and a bank use to size a program. Capitalizing everything and never reviewing the schedule leaves machines on the books that were sold or scrapped years ago, which overstates it. Neither reads well. The fix for both is a fixed asset schedule that gets updated more than once a year.

WHAT WE SEE IN THE BOOKS

THREE WAYS EQUIPMENT GOES WRONG.

01

Everything gets expensed, so the balance sheet understates the company

A machine bought and expensed through the profit and loss in the month of purchase distorts that month's result and leaves nothing on the balance sheet afterward. Equity reads lower than the business is worth, and equity is one of the two figures a surety uses to size a bonding program. The purchase was fine. How it was recorded cost you bonding capacity you didn't know you had given up.

02

Depreciation is treated as if it were money

Depreciation is an accounting entry that reduces reported profit without any cash leaving the building. A replacement reserve is cash set aside. They are two different things, and one doesn't create the other. If you read the depreciation line as a savings account, you find out at replacement time. The machine is worn out, and the money that supposedly covered it was distributed years ago.

03

Owned equipment costs the job nothing

Rented equipment reaches a job because an invoice forces it to. Owned equipment has no invoice. Unless an internal rate is charged, the job report shows a machine that worked at no cost. Ownership cost continues whether the iron works or is parked. It's roughly $200 a day for a CAT 330 that is idle, at industry idle rates near 30 percent. The bid gave that away and the job report will never say so.

THE MATH

WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE IN DOLLARS.

What an owned machine costs while it is idle

Ownership cost continues whether a machine works or not. A parked CAT 330 excavator costs roughly $200 a day in ownership cost, and industry idle rates average around 30 percent. A bid built without an ownership rate gives that money to the project owner. No report will ever flag it as a loss, because the cost never posted to a job in the first place.

A labelled example of the rate math

Take a machine expected to be replaced for $180,000 after five working seasons of 1,200 billable hours each. Spread the replacement across those 6,000 hours and it's $30 an hour of replacement recovery, before insurance, storage, interest, and maintenance are added on top. Every figure in that example is illustrative math, so don't use it as a benchmark. It calculates replacement recovery, which is a different thing from a depreciation schedule. The rate for your fleet comes from your own replacement costs and your own billable hours.

HOW SPM FIXES IT

HOW IT GETS RECORDED AND CHARGED.

A written capitalization policy, agreed with your CPA

The policy is one threshold and one rule on repairs against improvements, written down and applied every time. The bookkeeper stops guessing and the CPA stops reclassifying at year end. The balance sheet stops moving for reasons that have nothing to do with the business. Because the threshold interacts with the return, your CPA sets it and we apply it.

The fixed asset schedule kept current in the books

Additions get recorded when they happen, and disposals get removed when the machine leaves. A bank and a surety read the asset side from this schedule. If it lists equipment that was sold two years ago, you'll have to explain that in an underwriting meeting, and it costs you credibility.

An internal ownership rate on every machine, charged to the job

Each machine gets an hourly or daily rate covering depreciation, interest, insurance, storage, and a replacement component. That rate posts to the job that used it. Billed hours then get compared against the rate monthly. If a machine can't earn its rate, you now have the information to sell it.

The depreciation line read as a book entry and the reserve read as cash

We report them separately and we say which is which, every month. Depreciation belongs to the profit and loss and the tax return. The replacement reserve belongs to the balance sheet and the bank account, funded out of what each machine bills. The reserve is what buys the next machine.

WHAT YOU GET

THE OUTPUTS, NAMED.

A written capitalization policy, set with your CPA and applied by us
A fixed asset schedule maintained monthly, with disposals removed
An internal ownership rate per machine, posting to the jobs that use it
Billed machine hours reported against the rate every month
The replacement reserve reported as cash, separately from the depreciation line
A balance sheet an underwriter can read without a reconciliation first
$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. We don't bill by the hour, and we don't do payroll. The one-time onboarding fee is in the table.

Built for subs doing $1M to $12M. Above $12.5M we quote.

Last 12 months revenueCoreStrategicPlatinumOne-time onboarding
Under $1M$1,900$3,100$3,300$2,500
$1M to $3.5M$2,600$4,100$5,300$4,500
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800$5,900$8,300$6,000
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100$7,600$11,800$7,500
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100$8,900$14,900$9,000
Above $12.5MQuotedQuotedQuotedQuoted

The onboarding fee covers migrating your books back to the start of your last taxable year and getting you fully operational in 60 days. It's billed once, with your first invoice. It's the same for all three tiers, and it moves with your revenue band. Your first month is prorated, and your monthly engagement starts on the first of the first full month.

Just want the setup? Onboarding only is the same onboarding work with no monthly service after it, one time, at the onboarding fee plus $2,000. Start a monthly engagement later and $2,000 counts toward it. It starts at $4,500, and the price for every band is on the pricing page.

The three tier columns are the whole price. Which one fits depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items. The onboarding fee is right here in the table.

  • Online software only: QuickBooks, Sage, Viewpoint and similar. No VPN or hosted desktop.
  • Not in any tier: payroll, pay applications, collections on receivables.
  • Pricing valid through 2027.
Core

CFO work. Your own bookkeeper keeps doing the books.

We build your plan every month. Your team does the work.

You get the CFO work: job costing built to match the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, WIP every month, and a monthly meeting that ends with decisions.

Your bookkeeper still does the books.

Strategic

Core, plus bookkeeping and bank reconciliations, plus job costing and WIP software set up and managed for you. Use your own online accounting software or we supply it, one price.

We build the plan, track it and adjust it every month.

We only work with trade subcontractors. We know what to look for, and we fix problems while they're still small. Everything in Core, plus the bookkeeping and bank reconciliations done for you, and the job costing and WIP software set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed every month. Use your own online software, or move to ours and we pay for it.

Our team does the bookkeeping and the reconciliations. We don't do payroll.

Platinum

Strategic, plus a controller who handles payables and receivables the way an in-house controller would. You approve every payment.

We manage the money side for you, every week.

Everything in Strategic, plus our team does the controller work. We handle your bills and receivables the way an in-house controller would: we call vendors, pay the bills and keep the accounting current. We plan the cash flow first, and you approve every payment because it is your money.

Our team does the payables and receivables. We don't do payroll, pay applications or collections.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

Set a written dollar threshold and apply it consistently. Below it the purchase is expensed. Above it the purchase is capitalized as an asset and written down over the years it works. Repairs that keep a machine working are expenses, and work that extends its life or adds capability is usually capitalized as an improvement. Set the threshold with your CPA, because it interacts with the tax return, and then stop deciding case by case.

No. Depreciation reduces reported profit without any cash leaving. That's why a profitable looking year can leave nothing behind to buy the next machine with. A replacement is funded by cash set aside out of what each machine bills, held deliberately and reported as its own figure. Reserve against what the machine will cost to replace. Don't reserve against what you originally paid for it.

Through an internal ownership rate. Rented iron posts to a job because an invoice makes it. Owned iron has no invoice, so unless you charge a rate the job shows the machine working for free. Build an hourly or daily rate covering depreciation, interest, insurance, storage, and replacement. Post it to the job that used the machine, and compare billed hours against the rate every month.

Your CPA, and we work with them. Depreciation methods, elections, and the timing of a deduction are tax work. We don't do tax work, and we won't give you an answer on it. We keep the fixed asset schedule current, keep the capitalization policy applied, and make sure the ownership cost reaches the job so your bids include it.

Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. On Core we build your plan every month and your team does the work: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. On Strategic we build the plan, track it and adjust it every month: our team does the bookkeeping and the bank reconciliations, and the job costing and WIP software is set up and managed for you, on your own online software or ours. On Platinum we manage the money side for you every week: our team handles your bills and receivables the way an in-house controller would, and you approve every payment. We don't do payroll.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, SPM The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · SPM THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Josh Luebker is a master electrician turned construction CFO, president of SPM The Construction CFO and author of CONTROL: C.F.O.S. Construction Financial Operating System.

IS YOUR IRON COSTING YOUR JOBS ANYTHING?

You'll get twenty minutes of questions about your equipment, what it costs you to own, and whether the jobs see any of it. Josh doesn't sell on that call and he doesn't propose on it. If he can help, a longer second call comes next.

You don't hire a CFO because it's safe, you do it because the real risk isn't having one.
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