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TL;DR: Most construction subcontractors have an overhead rate in their bids that is 4–8 points below their actual overhead. The gap is usually caused by not including owner compensation, not updating the rate as the business grew, and miscategorizing fixed costs. To calculate: add every fixed cost over the last 12 months including owner's salary, divide by billable revenue, compare to what is in your bids. At $5M revenue, a 7-point overhead gap equals $350,000 per year. Benchmark rates: civil 12–18%, concrete 10–16%, electrical 14–20%, erosion control 10–15%.

Overhead and Bid Pricing

Your Overhead Rate Is Wrong.
Here's What It's Costing You.

Most subcontractors set their overhead rate once and never touch it again. The business grew. The overhead grew with it. The rate in the bids did not. Here is how to fix it.

Published: May 2026Updated: May 2026
4–8 pts
Typical Gap: Bid Rate vs. Actual
$350K
Annual Cost at $5M Revenue / 7pt Gap
10–20%
Healthy Overhead Range for Most Trades
Quarterly
How Often to Recalculate Your Rate
How It Happens

How Contractors End Up With the Wrong Number

Most contractors set their overhead rate once — usually when they first started bidding — and never revisit it. The business grew, fixed costs grew with it, and the rate in the bids never kept up. Now every job is underpriced by the difference.

The Silent Margin Drain

If your overhead rate in bids is 8% and your actual overhead is 15%, you are funding 7% of overhead from what you thought was profit on every job. On a $500K job that is $35,000 in overhead not covered by the bid. On $4M in annual revenue that is $280,000 per year disappearing with no obvious explanation.

What Gets Miscategorized

These items are overhead. Most contractors do not treat them that way:

Owner's salary or draw — this is overhead, not profit
Vehicle payments and insurance on company trucks used across jobs
Equipment depreciation on owned equipment not allocated to specific jobs
Office staff salaries — project coordinator, estimator, bookkeeper
Insurance premiums — general liability, workers comp, umbrella
Software subscriptions — estimating, accounting, project management
Shop or yard rent — storage, staging, maintenance facility
Professional fees — CPA, attorney, consultants
The Calculation

How to Calculate Your Real Overhead Rate

1. Pull Last 12 Months of Fixed Costs

Go through your P&L and pull every expense that runs regardless of job volume. Every month, whether you win work or not, these costs hit. Add them all up for the trailing 12 months.

2. Add the Owner's Compensation

If you are taking a salary, draw, or distribution, that is overhead — not profit. Include it. Most owner-operators significantly undercount overhead because they do not include what it costs to have themselves in the business.

3. Divide by Billable Revenue

Overhead ÷ Revenue = Overhead Rate. Use your direct construction billings — not gross revenue if you are pass-through billing materials separately.

4. Compare and Correct

If this number is more than 2–3 points higher than what is in your bids, every job you have won recently was underpriced. The correction goes into the next bid — and every bid after that.

5. Update the Bid Model and Protect the Number

Do not negotiate your overhead rate away to win work. That is how the problem restarts. If a job does not pencil at your real overhead rate, it is not a profitable job.

Benchmarks

Overhead Rate Benchmarks by Trade

Based on SPM client data across 50+ subcontractors at $1M–$12M revenue.

TradeHealthy RangeCommon Mistake RateImpact at $5M Revenue
Civil12–18%6–8%Up to $500K/yr at $5M
Concrete10–16%5–8%Up to $400K/yr at $5M
Electrical14–20%8–10%Up to $500K/yr at $5M
Erosion Control / SWPPP10–15%4–7%Up to $400K/yr at $5M
Underground Utility12–18%7–9%Up to $450K/yr at $5M
Masonry12–17%6–8%Up to $450K/yr at $5M
Mechanical14–20%8–10%Up to $500K/yr at $5M
Plumbing13–19%7–9%Up to $500K/yr at $5M

Rates decrease as revenue increases due to overhead leverage. Individual rates vary based on owner compensation structure, fleet size, and fixed cost base.

Client Outcome

What This Looks Like When It's Fixed

Anonymous Client — Concrete Contractor · $4.9M Revenue

This contractor had been using a 5% overhead rate in bids for years — the default in his estimating software. His actual overhead, including his own compensation, equipment costs, office staff, and insurance, was 12%. Every job he won was underpriced by 7 points.

5% → 12%

Overhead rate corrected in the bid model within the first 60 days of engagement.

$130,000

In profit sharing paid to the team in the following 12 months — a direct result of margin that was always there once overhead was correctly priced in.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I calculate the right overhead rate for my construction company?
Add up every fixed cost that runs regardless of job volume over the last 12 months — including owner's salary or draw, vehicle costs not job-costed to specific projects, insurance premiums, office staff salaries, rent, software, and professional fees. Divide the total by annual billable revenue. That is your overhead rate. If it differs from what is in your bids, your bids are wrong.
What is a normal overhead rate for a subcontractor?
It varies by trade and company structure. Civil, electrical, and mechanical contractors typically run 12–20% overhead at $1M–$12M revenue. Concrete and erosion control typically run 10–16%. The key is that your bid rate matches your actual overhead — not that it matches a generic benchmark. A rate 4–8 points below actual is the most common financial problem SPM sees at intake.
Why do most contractors underestimate their overhead rate?
Three reasons: the rate was set when the company was smaller and never updated as fixed costs grew, owner compensation is not included (most common miss), and vehicle or equipment costs not allocated to specific jobs are not counted. Any one of these creates a gap. All three together can mean the bid overhead is half the real overhead.
What does it cost to have the wrong overhead rate in bids?
On $5M in revenue, a 7-point overhead gap costs approximately $350,000 per year. That money comes out of what should be net profit. The business can still show a profit on the P&L because gross margin covers the gap, but the profit is lower than it should be and cash is always tighter than the numbers suggest.
How often should I recalculate my overhead rate?
At minimum annually. Ideally quarterly. Every time you hire a new office employee, buy equipment, expand your yard, or change your insurance structure, overhead goes up. The rate in bids needs to reflect the current cost structure, not what it was 18 months ago.
Related Resources
Benchmark Data
Civil Overhead Rate
What civil contractors actually spend on overhead at every revenue level
Benchmark Data
Concrete Overhead Rate
Overhead benchmarks for concrete subs from $1M to $12M
Benchmark Data
All Trades Overhead Index
Overhead rate benchmarks across every trade
Core ICP Problem
Profitable But No Cash
The overhead problem is usually why the P&L and bank account disagree
Tools
Overhead Rate Calculator
Calculate your actual overhead rate in 5 minutes
CFO Services
SPM Pricing
What it costs to have SPM fix the overhead rate and billing structure
The Construction CFO
Overhead Rate WrongOverhead Rate BenchmarksOverhead CalculatorProfitable But No CashSchedule a CallJosh@ConstructionCFO.net
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Josh Luebker — Fractional CFO, The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
Fractional CFO · The Construction CFO

Former commercial construction project manager and master electrician. Managed 150+ projects totaling $300M+ including Google data centers, military bases, hospitals, and high-rises. Now fractional CFO for commercial subcontractors doing $1M–$12M through Sulphur Prairie Management. About Josh →  |  LinkedIn →

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