CHART OF ACCOUNTS

CONSTRUCTION CHART OF ACCOUNTS FOR SUBCONTRACTORS.

QUICK ANSWER

A construction specific chart of accounts separates true cost of goods sold, meaning direct labor, materials, equipment, and subcontracted work, from overhead, and it includes the WIP accounts that percentage of completion accounting requires: costs in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs. A generic small business chart of accounts has neither distinction built in.

The chart of accounts is the foundation everything else in the financial system sits on, which is why getting it wrong is expensive to discover later. A generic chart built for a retail or service business doesn't separate direct job cost from overhead the way construction accounting needs, and it has nowhere to put the WIP entries. So the WIP position either doesn't get tracked in the accounting system at all, or it gets rebuilt manually outside the system every month. Structuring the chart correctly is what makes accurate job costing and WIP reporting possible in the first place.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-08-07
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

A construction chart of accounts is the account structure that separates true cost of goods sold from overhead and carries the WIP accounts percentage of completion accounting requires.

COMMON MISTAKES

WHERE IT GOES WRONG.

01

Assuming the software template is enough

The chart that comes with your accounting software was built for general small businesses rather than for construction. It typically doesn't separate true job cost from overhead correctly, and it doesn't include the WIP accounts that percentage of completion accounting requires. It will produce a clean looking P&L that can't answer whether a job made money.

02

Tracking WIP in a spreadsheet outside the books

Tracking the WIP position outside the accounting system creates a reconciliation risk between the spreadsheet and the financial statements. The two drift apart, and then nobody can say which one is right. Building the WIP accounts into the chart keeps both in sync by construction rather than by somebody remembering to tie them out every month.

03

Treating blended overhead as a minor issue

It's not minor. Blended overhead and job cost is one of the most common reasons gross margin looks inconsistent from job to job in ways that have nothing to do with how the jobs performed. Once overhead is mixed into COGS, both the job margin and the overhead rate are wrong, and every estimate built off them inherits the error.

HOW IT GETS STRUCTURED

THE TWO DISTINCTIONS THAT DO THE WORK.

COGS and overhead, separated correctly

True cost of goods sold for a subcontractor is direct labor, materials, equipment costs tied to a specific job, and subcontracted work. Those are the costs job costing and gross margin depend on being isolated cleanly from general overhead. Overhead, meaning office staff, general admin, and equipment not tied to a specific job, sits in its own category so it doesn't distort job level gross margin, and so it can be allocated to jobs deliberately rather than blended into COGS by accident.

The WIP specific accounts

Percentage of completion accounting requires two balance sheet accounts most generic charts don't include: costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, which represents underbilling, and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, which represents overbilling. Without those accounts built into the chart, the WIP position either doesn't get tracked in the accounting system or it gets rebuilt outside it every month. Both routes risk a WIP schedule that won't reconcile to the financial statements.

WHAT YOU GET

THE OUTPUTS, NAMED.

COGS categories separated by direct labor, materials, equipment, and subcontracted work
Overhead isolated in its own category and allocated to jobs deliberately rather than blended in
Costs in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs built into the chart from the start
Chart of accounts structure aligned to support the job cost code structure underneath it
Historical data migrated into the corrected structure rather than left in the old chart of accounts
$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No hourly billing, no payroll, and no add-ons.

Last 12 months revenueMonthly fee
Up to $1M$1,900 to $2,900
$1M to $3.5M$2,600 to $3,900
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800 to $5,700
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100 to $7,100
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100 to $8,500
$12.5M to $15.5M$7,400 to $11,000
$15.5M to $18.5M$9,400 to $13,500
$18.5M+Quoted individually

Range reflects the three tiers below. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items.

Core

You stop guessing.

You get the CFO work. Job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a meeting every month that ends in decisions rather than a report.

Your bookkeeper keeps doing the books.

Executive

You stop touching the books.

Everything in Core, and we run the bookkeeping and the controllership as well. Nobody in your office is answering coding questions or chasing a reconciliation at month end.

We do the books. No payroll.

Strategic

Every job shows its margin while it's still running.

Everything in Executive, plus the job costing and WIP platform set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed for you every month. You never have to learn it.

We do the job costing.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

A construction chart of accounts separates true cost of goods sold, meaning direct labor, materials, equipment, and subcontracted work, from overhead. It also includes the specific WIP accounts that percentage of completion accounting requires. A generic small business template includes neither of those things, which is why it produces a P&L that can't tell you whether a job made money.
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represents underbilling. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings represents overbilling. Both are balance sheet accounts required for percentage of completion accounting, and both are often missing from generic charts of accounts.
If overhead costs blend into cost of goods sold, job level gross margin gets distorted in ways that don't reflect how the job performed. That makes it harder to tell which jobs are genuinely profitable and which ones are carried by the others. It also corrupts the overhead rate, which then corrupts every estimate built with it.
Yes. An existing chart of accounts can be restructured and the historical data migrated into the corrected structure as part of a bookkeeping or job costing setup engagement. You don't abandon your financial history to do it, and keeping that history is what makes the first year of comparisons useful.
Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. Core is where you stop guessing: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. Executive is where you stop touching the books, because we run the bookkeeping and the controllership as well. Strategic is where every job shows its margin while it is still running, because the job costing and WIP platform is set up and managed for you. No payroll. No scope gaps.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Former commercial project manager and master electrician: 150+ projects worth $2.1B combined, from $50,000 to $300M. Now fractional CFO to commercial subcontractors.

DOES YOUR CHART OF ACCOUNTS HAVE THE WIP ACCOUNTS IN IT?

Send your current chart of accounts and your last balance sheet. We will tell you what's missing and what it's costing you in job margin accuracy.

You don't hire a CFO because it's safe, you do it because the real risk isn't having one.
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