CIVIL & EARTHWORK CLUSTER · CFOS TRADE OPERATING SYSTEM

WHY EXCAVATION CONTRACTORS LOSE MARGIN WITHOUT KNOWING IT.

QUICK ANSWER

Excavation margin is lost to three specific things: production blindness, the ground lies, and one bucket, one margin. Excavation subcontractors at $1M to $5M run 21 percent gross and 5.5 percent net, against CFOS targets at $1M to $5M of 23 percent gross and 10 percent net. All three are measurable, and all three are invisible without job costing that reads against the estimate.

Excavation contractors at $1M to $5M net 5.5 percent, rising to 8.5 percent by $25M to $50M; the CFOS target at $1M to $5M is 10 percent. The distance between the trade average and the CFOS target isn't a pricing problem in this trade. It sits in the three mechanisms below, each of which moves margin without appearing as a failure on any single job. Excavation sells cubic yards per hour. When production rates aren't tracked per operator, per machine, per soil class, the estimate and the field never reconcile, and losing jobs look identical to winning ones until the money is gone.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-08-06
THE THREE BIG LEAKS

THE MATH BEHIND THE MISSING CASH.

LEAK 01

Production Blindness

Excavation sells cubic yards per hour. When production rates aren't tracked per operator, per machine, per soil class, the estimate and the field never reconcile, and losing jobs look identical to winning ones until the money is gone.

LEAK 02

The Ground Lies

Soil class changes, rock shows, groundwater rises, and quantities move; the cost is spent before the change order is signed. A $630K excavation subcontract at the Fifth Circuit proves the fight is real. Documentation and unit-price discipline are the difference between a claim and a donation.

LEAK 03

One Bucket, One Margin

A single utility strike can erase a job's profit through repair bills, fines up to $10,000 for repeats, and GL sublimits that cap below the damage. The locate, the tolerance zone, and the hand-dig are financial controls, not just safety rules. (cfos-cash-control-system) ---

HOW CFOS FIXES IT

WHAT CHANGES IN THE FIRST 60 DAYS.

The net profit question everyone is asking
Utility strikes (the five-figure oops)
Rock, spoil, and the changed-conditions fight
Haul-off and trucking (the profit that leaves by the ton)
Iron economics
EXCAVATION BENCHMARKS
Metric$1M to $5M$5M to $10M$10M to $25M
Gross margin, industry average21%23%24%
Gross margin, CFOS target23%23%24%
Net profit, industry average7%10%12%
Net profit, CFOS target10%11%13%
Overhead, industry average14%13%12%
Overhead, CFOS target13%12%11%

Industry figures are Excavation contractors' AVERAGE for each revenue band, not a floor. The CFOS net profit target is set at 10 percent before taxes or 3.5 points better than your trade's average at your revenue, whichever is higher, and the gross margin target is set at whatever gross margin produces that net profit once your overhead is paid, and never below your trade's own average. Gross minus overhead equals net on every column, so the rows tie out.

Last 12 months revenueMonthly fee
Up to $1M$1,900 to $2,900
$1M to $3.5M$2,600 to $3,900
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800 to $5,700
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100 to $7,100
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100 to $8,500
$12.5M to $15.5M$7,400 to $11,000
$15.5M to $18.5M$9,400 to $13,500
$18.5M+Quoted individually

Range reflects the three tiers below. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items.

Core

You stop guessing.

You get the CFO work. Job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a meeting every month that ends in decisions rather than a report.

Your bookkeeper keeps doing the books.

Executive

You stop touching the books.

Everything in Core, and we run the bookkeeping and the controllership as well. Nobody in your office is answering coding questions or chasing a reconciliation at month end.

We do the books. No payroll.

Strategic

Every job shows its margin while it's still running.

Everything in Executive, plus the job costing and WIP platform set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed for you every month. You never have to learn it.

We do the job costing.

What's included
COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

Excavation contractors at $1M to $5M in revenue net 5.5 percent on average, rising to 8.5 percent by $25M to $50M. The CFOS target at $1M to $5M is 10 percent, and it rises with revenue. The gap usually sits in untracked production rates, haul-off cost drift, and iron that bills nothing. Every net profit figure here is stated before taxes, the same basis CFMA reports on, so the two are directly comparable.
Because the trade pays you last and charges you first. Equipment payments and fuel run daily, trucking subs bill weekly, and the receivable lands 60 to 90 days later, minus retainage. Add one rock surprise or one failed compaction test and the quarter's cash is spoken for.
It turns on the 811 locate and the digging discipline. Skip the locate or dig through the marks and the excavator owns the damage; mismarked lines can shift fault to the utility or locator. Fines start around $2,500 and repeat violations reach $10,000, and many GL policies sublimit underground facility damage below the real repair cost.
Classify soils in the bid, carry unit prices for rock and unsuitable material, and tie both to a written changed-conditions clause. The cost of extra spoil gets spent before any dispute resolves; the paper trail is what turns a surprise into a paid change order instead of a donation.
A CAT 330 class machine runs $150 to $200 per hour fully loaded and roughly $200 per day in ownership cost even parked. Every bid needs an ownership-and-operating rate per machine; fuel-and-grease-only rates hand the ownership cost to the owner for free.
About 13 percent of revenue at that size, trending toward 11 percent as revenue grows. For construction as a whole, Jones Maresca and Company's 2025 Performance Benchmarks put total indirect cost at 8 to 15 percent of revenue and CFMA's 2024 Construction Financial Benchmarker reports SG&A at 11.8 percent across all respondents, and both of those are averages rather than an excavation figure. /construction-overhead-rates-by-trade carries the excavation rate for your revenue band. Excavation overhead hides in the yard: lowboys, service trucks, mechanics, and the shop all have to be recovered by the working iron.
It depends on machine class, soil, and haul pattern, which is the point: track it per job, per operator, per soil class, and compare against the estimate weekly. Production tracking is the single highest-leverage number in the trade, because everything else prices off it.
A bookkeeper records history. Production-rate pricing, equipment ownership rates, changed-conditions claims, and utility-strike reserves are a control-system problem, which is CFO work. SPM operates that financial control function for excavation contractors. ---
CFOS serves commercial excavation subcontractors doing $1M to $12M. Pricing starts at $1,900 per month for companies under $1M and runs to $13,500 per month at the top published band. Onboarding takes 60 days.
Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. Core is where you stop guessing: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. Executive is where you stop touching the books, because we run the bookkeeping and the controllership as well. Strategic is where every job shows its margin while it is still running, because the job costing and WIP platform is set up and managed for you. No payroll. No scope gaps.
Sixty days. We migrate your books back to the start of your last taxable year, set up ControlQore, and build your job costing structure from scratch. Fully operational in two months.
$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Former commercial project manager and master electrician: 150+ projects worth $2.1B combined, from $50,000 to $300M. Now fractional CFO to commercial subcontractors.

DO YOU KNOW YOUR TRUE MARGIN ON EXCAVATION WORK?

Bring one job. We will show you the difference between what you bid and what it cost.

You don't hire a CFO because it's safe, you do it because the real risk isn't having one.
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20 minutes. No sales pressure. We will tell you exactly what's broken before we talk about anything else.

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