CASH AFTER A BUSY YEAR

BEST REVENUE YEAR EVER. CASH IS STILL TIGHT.

QUICK ANSWER

A busy construction year often ends with less cash than expected because revenue growth requires working capital investment, retention is still held, large project closeouts are pending, and overhead grew with the workload. The revenue was real. The cash is in AR, in retention, in work in progress, and in overhead that scaled with the business. A busy year doesn't automatically produce cash, and a managed year does.

The bank balance on December 31 is the worst single measure of a year like this. Four things are holding the money and three of them are only timing: invoices not yet collected, retention not yet released, and Q4 work with cost incurred ahead of billing. The fourth isn't timing at all. If overhead grew with revenue and margin didn't, the busy year produced more overhead rather than more profit. Running a WIP schedule at year end is what tells you which of the two you're looking at.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-08-07
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

A busy year is one that moves more money through the business, and moving more money through is a different thing from producing more cash.

There are two forms of this problem and they need different responses. In a timing problem you have significant AR outstanding, retention pending, and projects in progress carrying margin, so cash is tight now and improves as Q1 collections come in, which makes the response aggressive AR collection plus patience. In a structural problem the projected profit doesn't match what the P&L shows even after you account for AR and retention, because overhead grew with revenue and margin per job came in below estimate. That second form of the year was genuinely less profitable than it looked at the revenue line.

WHERE DID THE MONEY GO

THE FOUR PLACES IT IS SITTING.

01

Outstanding AR

A busy year means more invoices outstanding at year end. At a 60 day average collection, a $7M year has $1.1M in AR at any given time. On December 31 that AR is real and it's not in the bank yet, and it comes in during January and February, which makes this one a timing issue.

02

Retention held

More projects means more retention withheld. A $7M subcontractor at 10 percent retainage has $700K of earned, documented money held by GCs. At year end, projects that closed in Q3 may still have retention being processed, so the money is collectible and it just takes time to get it.

03

Work in progress, with costs ahead of billing

Projects that started in Q4 have costs incurred and limited billing, usually mobilization and early phases only. The margin on those projects is real and it won't be collected until Q1 and Q2. A busy Q4 creates a large WIP asset that doesn't reach the bank until next year.

04

Overhead that grew with revenue

A busy year often brings new hires, new equipment, and expanded office space. If that overhead growth wasn't matched by margin growth, the extra revenue produced extra overhead rather than extra profit. This is the one place on the list where the busy year was genuinely less profitable than it appeared.

THE ARITHMETIC

WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE IN DOLLARS.

AR at year end

At a 60 day average collection, a $7M revenue year carries $1.1M in AR at any given time. On December 31 that's earned money sitting outside the bank account. It comes in over January and February, which is why the December balance reads worse than the year did.

Retention held by GCs

A $7M subcontractor at 10 percent retainage has $700K of earned, documented money held by GCs. Some of it belongs to projects that closed in Q3 and is still being processed. It's collectible, and nobody collects it by waiting.

The year end diagnostic

Run a WIP schedule as of December 31. Add cash on hand, AR outstanding, retention owed, and underbilled WIP, then subtract AP outstanding, overbilled WIP, and overhead obligations. That number is your true financial position rather than the bank balance.

HOW SPM FIXES IT

WHAT MAKES NEXT YEAR DIFFERENT.

A 13 week cash forecast updated monthly

The forecast shows the Q4 tightness in September and not in December. A quarter of visibility is enough to change a hiring decision, a purchase, or a draw. That's the whole reason it gets run monthly instead of once a year.

A WIP schedule current through Q3

The billing position on every project is known before year end rather than discovered in February. Underbilled work that can be billed before December 31 gets billed. Overbilled work stops looking like profit it was never going to be.

Aggressive Q4 AR collection

Every invoice over 30 days gets a call in October, November, and December. A personal call, not an email. That single habit moves more December cash than anything else on this list.

Retention release tracking

Every project that hit substantial completion in Q3 and Q4 gets pursued for release. The documentation goes out with the request rather than after the GC asks for it. Retention nobody chases sits until somebody chases it.

An overhead review in Q3

If overhead grew with revenue, the question is whether the growth is justified by margin improvement. Q3 is early enough to answer it and still change the fourth quarter. Answering it in April is an autopsy.

$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No hourly billing, no payroll, and no add-ons.

Last 12 months revenueMonthly fee
Up to $1M$1,900 to $2,900
$1M to $3.5M$2,600 to $3,900
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800 to $5,700
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100 to $7,100
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100 to $8,500
$12.5M to $15.5M$7,400 to $11,000
$15.5M to $18.5M$9,400 to $13,500
$18.5M+Quoted individually

Range reflects the three tiers below. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items.

Core

You stop guessing.

You get the CFO work. Job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a meeting every month that ends in decisions rather than a report.

Your bookkeeper keeps doing the books.

Executive

You stop touching the books.

Everything in Core, and we run the bookkeeping and the controllership as well. Nobody in your office is answering coding questions or chasing a reconciliation at month end.

We do the books. No payroll.

Strategic

Every job shows its margin while it's still running.

Everything in Executive, plus the job costing and WIP platform set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed for you every month. You never have to learn it.

We do the job costing.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

Four reasons typically combine: AR outstanding at year end that hasn't been collected, retention held on projects that completed in the second half of the year, work in progress where costs are ahead of billing, and overhead that grew with the workload without being fully covered by margin growth. A busy year moves more money through the business, and it doesn't automatically produce more cash.
Run a year end WIP analysis: total cash plus AR plus retention plus underbilled WIP, minus AP plus overbilled WIP plus outstanding obligations. If that number reflects the profit the P&L shows, it's a timing problem and the cash comes in as collections process. If that number is significantly lower than the P&L profit, overhead consumed margin that was supposed to turn into cash.
Pursue AR collection aggressively from October through December, with a personal call on every invoice over 30 days rather than an email. Follow up on retention releases for projects that hit substantial completion in Q3 and Q4. Submit any pending pay applications before year end, and run a WIP schedule to find underbilled work that can be billed before December 31.
If revenue grows 40 percent and overhead grows 40 percent, net profit margin stays the same, so you get more revenue at the same percentage. If overhead grows 50 percent because capacity was added ahead of revenue, net profit margin shrinks. A busy year with aggressively growing overhead can produce less net profit per dollar of revenue than a quieter year with controlled costs, and the P&L tracks it, but most subcontractors don't review it until tax time.
Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. Core is where you stop guessing: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. Executive is where you stop touching the books, because we run the bookkeeping and the controllership as well. Strategic is where every job shows its margin while it is still running, because the job costing and WIP platform is set up and managed for you. No payroll. No scope gaps.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Former commercial project manager and master electrician: 150+ projects worth $2.1B combined, from $50,000 to $300M. Now fractional CFO to commercial subcontractors.

WAS LAST YEAR A TIMING PROBLEM OR A PROFIT PROBLEM?

Bring your year end balance sheet and one WIP schedule. We will work out your true financial position on the call and tell you which of the two you're dealing with.

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