A $4.2M commercial electrical subcontractor was running a maxed line of credit with no clear explanation — revenue was strong, backlog was full. SPM audited every active job and found $180K in T&M change order work completed but never formally invoiced. The underbilling was collected within 45 days, the LOC was cleared, and a 48-hour change order documentation rule was implemented. This case study covers the root cause, the recovery timeline, and the system built to prevent recurrence.

ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR$4.2M REVENUE $180K T&M UNDERBILLINGLOC CLEARED IN 45 DAYS 48-HOUR CHANGE ORDER RULECASE STUDY ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR$4.2M REVENUE $180K T&M UNDERBILLINGLOC CLEARED IN 45 DAYS 48-HOUR CHANGE ORDER RULECASE STUDY
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Case Study · Electrical Contractor

$180K in T&M Work. Never Invoiced.

A $4.2M commercial electrical subcontractor had strong revenue, a full backlog, and a maxed line of credit. Nobody could explain the cash gap. SPM audited every active job and found $180K in T&M change order work that had been completed and verbally approved — but never formally billed. Collected in 45 days. LOC cleared. Billing process rebuilt.
Published: May 2026Updated: May 2026
$180K
T&M Underbilling Recovered
45
Days to Collect
48hr
New Change Order Rule
The Situation

Strong Revenue. Empty Account.

This is the most common presentation SPM sees in electrical contractors: the P&L looks fine, the backlog is full, and the bank account is inexplicably tight. The cause is almost always the same — T&M work completed and verbally approved but never formally billed.

The electrical contractor was doing $4.2M in commercial new construction — mostly lump sum with T&M service and change order packages layered on top. The field crews were executing. GC relationships were solid. But the LOC had been near its limit for six months, and every month the owner was moving money around to cover payroll.

The CPA said the books were clean. The bookkeeper said everything was reconciled. Nobody had looked at what was actually billed versus what had been approved in the field.

The root cause: T&M change orders were getting verbal approval from the GC's superintendent. The crew would do the work. The cost would hit the account. Then the formal write-up would wait until the PM had bandwidth — or until closeout. By then the work was 60–90 days old and the cash had been borrowed against the LOC.

What SPM Did

Audit First. Fix the System Second.

SPM's first move was a T&M billing audit on every active job — field logs, daily reports, superintendent emails, text chains, any record of verbal direction. The $180K wasn't hidden. It just hadn't been organized and submitted.
Week One
Active Job T&M Audit Complete
SPM reviewed every active job — field logs, daily reports, superintendent communications, material confirmations. Every piece of T&M work completed but not formally invoiced was documented, organized by job, and staged for submission with backup supporting documentation.
Weeks Two and Three
$180K in Invoices Submitted
Formal T&M invoices went to every GC with supporting documentation — time tickets, material receipts, and written records confirming verbal approvals where they existed. Three GCs paid within the billing cycle. Two required a follow-up call to confirm the documentation.
Day 45
LOC Cleared to Zero
With $180K collected, the line of credit was paid to zero. The owner had more cash in the account than at any point in the previous 18 months — without winning a single new job.
Ongoing
48-Hour Rule Implemented
SPM built a standing process: every verbal direction from a GC gets a written change order confirmation within 48 hours. The PM sends a one-line email, the GC superintendent replies, and the billing clock starts. No T&M work ships without documentation in the same 48-hour window. The underbilling problem was structural — and the fix was structural too.
Frequently Asked Questions

Common Questions.

T&M underbilling is the most common cause. Change orders approved verbally don't hit the invoice until the PM has time to write them up — or until closeout. Meanwhile the labor and material costs are immediate. At $4M revenue with several active T&M jobs, unbilled work accumulates to significant amounts fast, and it's invisible until someone audits it.

The crew does the work. The cost hits the account. The formal write-up waits for the PM to have time or for written GC confirmation. Across multiple active jobs, that wait turns into weeks — and weeks of unbilled T&M across three or four jobs turns into $100K+ sitting in the field waiting to be asked for.

SPM builds a T&M billing process with a 48-hour change order documentation rule — every verbal direction gets a written confirmation within two business days. Underbilled T&M gets audited at onboarding. The job costing structure is aligned to how electrical contractors estimate: by phase, labor category, and material package so variance is visible while jobs are running. Schedule a call if this situation sounds familiar.

Josh Luebker — Fractional CFO, The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
Fractional CFO · The Construction CFO

Former commercial construction project manager and master electrician. Managed 150+ projects totaling $300M+. Now fractional CFO for commercial subcontractors doing $1M–$12M through Sulphur Prairie Management. About Josh →  |  LinkedIn →

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