CHANGE ORDER DOCUMENTATION

CHANGE ORDER DOCUMENTATION.

QUICK ANSWER

Most change order losses are the result of work starting before any documentation exists. A verbal direction from a superintendent, a quick email from a project manager, or a sketch on a napkin aren't change orders. Every scope change gets a written potential change order before work starts, and if the GC directs you to proceed before he approves it, you proceed under written protest.

The paperwork is the difference between a receivable and a donation. A dispute over a change order with full documentation is winnable, and a dispute without it's not. The trouble is that the documentation has to exist before the work does, because once the crew has poured the extra footing you're negotiating from weakness and the superintendent who told you to do it may be off the job. Two minutes of writing on the day it happens protects the whole number.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-10-26
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

A potential change order, or PCO, is a written document created before extra work starts that describes the added scope, the estimated cost, the schedule impact, and the basis for the change.

WHAT WE SEE IN THIS BUSINESS

HOW THE MONEY GETS GIVEN AWAY.

01

Work starts before documentation exists

This is the most common change order failure. The field crew responds to a GC direction, the work gets done, and the paperwork starts after the fact. By then the GC may not remember giving the direction, the superintendent who gave it may be off the project, and the documentation that supports a claim has to be rebuilt from memory. Documentation rebuilt from memory loses disputes.

02

You're using email as your change order system

Email threads aren't change orders. They're evidence that a conversation happened, but they don't include the pricing, the scope definition, or the formal approval that makes a change order billable. GCs regularly use a we will sort it out email chain to delay formal approval while the work gets done, then argue the pricing once the crew is gone.

03

You don't know what the change order is worth until it's done

Starting change order work without a price puts you on a T&M rate or in an argument about value. The time to price a change order is before the work starts, while you still have something to trade. Once the work is done, you're negotiating from weakness and the GC knows it.

HOW SPM FIXES IT

THE DOCUMENTATION STANDARD.

The change order documentation standard

Every scope change, regardless of size, gets a written potential change order before work starts. The PCO includes a description of the added scope, the estimated cost, the schedule impact, and the basis for the change, whether that's owner direction, a design change, or an unforeseen condition. It goes to the GC for approval.

If the GC directs the work to proceed before the PCO is approved, a written notice goes out the same day. It states that you're proceeding with the described scope per verbal direction from the individual who gave it, on the date it was given, pending formal change order approval, with the estimated cost stated in dollars.

When the GC won't sign

If a GC refuses to sign a change order for work he directed, escalate in writing that day rather than after the work is complete. Document the direction, the refusal, and your intent to proceed under protest. That's the paper trail lien enforcement and dispute resolution depend on. A dispute over a change order with full documentation is winnable, and one without documentation isn't.

Change order tracking in job costing

We track every open PCO and every approved change order in ControlQore job costing: dollar value, approval status, billing status, and collections status. When an approved change order goes unpaid past 30 days, it enters the same AR process as any other invoice, with follow-up at 30 days, escalation at 45 days, and a lien service and outside counsel at day 60 if it's still unresolved.

$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No hourly billing. No payroll. The one-time onboarding fee is right here in the table.

Last 12 months revenueMonthly feeOne-time onboarding
Under $1M$1,900 to $3,300$1,000
$1M to $3.5M$2,600 to $5,300$1,500
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800 to $8,300$3,000
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100 to $11,800$4,500
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100 to $14,900$6,000
$12.5M to $15.5M$7,400 to $17,650$7,500
$15.5M to $18.5M$9,400 to $22,400$9,000
$18.5M+Quoted individuallyQuoted individually

The onboarding fee covers migrating your books back to the start of your last taxable year and getting you fully operational in 60 days. It's billed once, with your first invoice. It's the same for all three tiers. Your first month is prorated, and your monthly engagement starts on the first of the first full month.

Range reflects the three tiers below. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items. The onboarding fee is right here in the table.

Core

You stop guessing.

You get the CFO work. Job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a meeting every month that ends in decisions and never in a report.

Your bookkeeper still does the books.

Strategic

Every job shows its margin while it is still open.

Everything in Core, plus the bookkeeping and bank reconciliations done for you, and the job costing and WIP software set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed every month. Use your own online software, or move to ours and we cover it.

A bookkeeper we choose does the books and reconciliations. No payroll.

Platinum

You approve, and the money side gets handled.

Everything in Strategic, plus a controller we choose who handles your bills and receivables for you the way an in-house controller would. They call vendors, pay the bills and keep the accounting current. We plan the cash flow first, and you approve every payment because it is your money.

A controller we choose does the payables and receivables. No payroll, no pay applications, no collections.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

A standard proceeding-under-protest notice reads like this. This is written notice that the company is proceeding with the described additional work as directed by the individual and title who gave the direction, on the date it was given. This work is outside the scope of our current contract. We reserve the right to seek compensation for all costs associated with this additional work. A formal change order request will be submitted for approval, and we ask that you confirm your direction to proceed. Send it by email with a read receipt requested, and follow up with a hard copy if the dollar amount is material.

Change orders get priced from true cost: labor hours at your real burden rate, materials at invoice cost plus markup, equipment at your internal rate, and lower-tier subs at invoice plus markup, then overhead allocation and profit margin on top. The same margin you put on base contract work belongs on the change order. A change order priced at cost with no margin pays for the extra scope out of your base contract profit.

Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. Core is where you stop guessing: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. Strategic is where every job shows its margin while it is still open: a bookkeeper we choose does the books and the bank reconciliations, and the job costing and WIP software is set up and managed for you, on your own online software or ours. Platinum is where you approve and the money side gets handled: a controller we choose handles your bills and receivables the way an in-house controller would, and you approve every payment. No payroll. No scope gaps.

Sixty days. We migrate your books back to the start of your last taxable year, set up ControlQore, and build your job costing structure from scratch. Fully operational in two months.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, SPM The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · SPM THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Josh Luebker is a master electrician turned construction CFO, president of SPM The Construction CFO and author of CONTROL: C.F.O.S. Construction Financial Operating System.

DOES A PCO EXIST BEFORE YOUR CREWS START EXTRA WORK?

A first call takes twenty minutes of questions about how extra work gets written down before the crew starts. Josh sells nothing on that call and proposes nothing. If Josh can help, you'll put a longer second call on the calendar.

You don't hire a CFO because it's safe, you do it because the real risk isn't having one.
Book a 20 minute call

20 minutes. Nothing gets sold on this call and nothing gets proposed. Josh asks questions to work out whether he can help at all.

OR GET THE WIP SCHEDULE TEMPLATE. NO CALL NEEDED.