CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNTING

PERCENTAGE OF COMPLETION METHOD EXPLAINED.

QUICK ANSWER

The percentage of completion method recognizes revenue and gross profit as work progresses on a contract, not when cash is collected and not when the job closes. Most commercial subcontractors use it because it matches revenue to the period the work was performed. The critical variable is percent complete, calculated by dividing costs incurred to date by total estimated cost. If that estimate is stale, everything downstream is wrong.

Revenue recognition under this method follows the work, not the billing. If a $1.2M job is 35% complete at month end, you recognize $420K in revenue for that period regardless of what you've billed or collected. The WIP schedule then reconciles recognized revenue against actual billings to produce the over and underbilling position for the balance sheet. Everything in that chain rests on one number, total estimated cost, and that's the number most subcontractors stop updating the week the job starts.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-10-26
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

The percentage of completion method is an accounting method that recognizes revenue and gross profit in proportion to how much of a contract is complete, not when cash is collected and not when the job closes.

The math is three lines. Percent complete equals costs incurred to date divided by total estimated costs, times 100. Recognized revenue equals contract value times percent complete. Recognized gross profit equals contract value minus total estimated costs, times percent complete.

WHAT WE SEE IN THIS BUSINESS

WHY THE NUMBER COMES OUT WRONG.

01

Stale total estimated cost

The job started at $720K estimated cost. Labor has been costing more than planned. The current cost to complete is $800K, but nobody updated the estimate. The denominator is wrong, so the percentage is wrong, so the recognized revenue is wrong. The job reads 40% complete when it's really 36%, and the difference gets recognized as profit that doesn't exist.

02

Costs not posted to the job timely

AP invoices stay in the inbox for two weeks before they're posted. Timesheets get entered monthly instead of weekly. If costs aren't in the system, the numerator is understated, which overstates percent complete and overstates recognized revenue. That's overbilling that's not real, and it reverses at closeout.

03

Percent complete estimated from billing, not cost

Using billing percentage as a proxy for completion percentage is backwards. You billed 40% because that's what the schedule of values allowed, and the crew may be nowhere near 40% done. Overbilled jobs read further along than they're and underbilled jobs read behind. The WIP is wrong in both directions at the same time.

THE MATH

WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE IN DOLLARS.

The worked example

A $900K electrical contract with total estimated cost of $720K, a 20% gross margin. At month end, $288K in costs have been incurred. Percent complete is $288K divided by $720K, or 40%. Recognized revenue is $900K times 40%, or $360K. Recognized gross profit is $900K minus $720K, times 40%, or $72K. If you billed $320K, you're underbilled by $40K, and that appears on the balance sheet as a contract asset.

The same math across a three job WIP

Job A is a $900K contract, $720K estimated cost, $288K of cost to date, 40% complete, $360K of revenue recognized, $320K billed, and $40K underbilled. Job B is a $1.4M contract, $1.1M estimated cost, $770K of cost to date, 70% complete, $980K recognized, $1.05M billed, and $70K overbilled. Job C is a $600K contract, $480K estimated cost, $96K of cost to date, 20% complete, $120K recognized, $118K billed, and $2K underbilled.

HOW IT REACHES THE BALANCE SHEET

WHERE THE METHOD BECOMES A DOCUMENT.

The WIP schedule is the monthly reconciliation

The WIP schedule reconciles every active job's percent complete against its billed amount. It's the document that turns percentage of completion accounting into something a banker, a bonding agent, or a buyer can evaluate. Jobs that are overbilled are held as a liability and jobs that are underbilled are held as an asset, and the net position answers one question: is reported revenue backed by work performed.

WHAT YOU GET

THE OUTPUTS, NAMED.

Percent complete estimated by field supervision monthly, not assumed from billing
Total estimated cost updated whenever scope, labor productivity, or material cost changes
All costs posted to the job within the period they were incurred, with no lagging AP
Over and underbilling reconciled to the balance sheet, not just tracked in a spreadsheet
WIP schedule reviewed and signed off monthly by the owner or the CFO
$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No hourly billing. No payroll. The one-time onboarding fee is right here in the table.

Last 12 months revenueMonthly feeOne-time onboarding
Under $1M$1,900 to $3,300$1,000
$1M to $3.5M$2,600 to $5,300$1,500
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800 to $8,300$3,000
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100 to $11,800$4,500
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100 to $14,900$6,000
$12.5M to $15.5M$7,400 to $17,650$7,500
$15.5M to $18.5M$9,400 to $22,400$9,000
$18.5M+Quoted individuallyQuoted individually

The onboarding fee covers migrating your books back to the start of your last taxable year and getting you fully operational in 60 days. It's billed once, with your first invoice. It's the same for all three tiers. Your first month is prorated, and your monthly engagement starts on the first of the first full month.

Range reflects the three tiers below. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items. The onboarding fee is right here in the table.

Core

You stop guessing.

You get the CFO work. Job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a meeting every month that ends in decisions and never in a report.

Your bookkeeper still does the books.

Strategic

Every job shows its margin while it is still open.

Everything in Core, plus the bookkeeping and bank reconciliations done for you, and the job costing and WIP software set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed every month. Use your own online software, or move to ours and we cover it.

A bookkeeper we choose does the books and reconciliations. No payroll.

Platinum

You approve, and the money side gets handled.

Everything in Strategic, plus a controller we choose who handles your bills and receivables for you the way an in-house controller would. They call vendors, pay the bills and keep the accounting current. We plan the cash flow first, and you approve every payment because it is your money.

A controller we choose does the payables and receivables. No payroll, no pay applications, no collections.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

The percentage of completion method is an accounting method where revenue and gross profit are recognized in proportion to how much of a contract is complete. If a $1M job is 40% complete, you recognize $400K in revenue and the associated gross profit in that period, even if you haven't billed or collected $400K yet. It's the standard method for long term construction contracts under GAAP and ASC 606.

The most common method is cost-to-cost: divide costs incurred to date by total estimated costs. If you've spent $300K on a job estimated to cost $800K total, you're 37.5% complete. Multiply that by the contract value to get recognized revenue. The variable that decides everything is total estimated cost, because if that number is wrong your revenue recognition is wrong.

Under percentage of completion, revenue is recognized as work progresses throughout the project. Under the completed contract method, all revenue and profit are deferred until the job is substantially complete. Most commercial subcontractors use percentage of completion because it better matches revenue to the period the work was performed, and it's required under GAAP for companies with annual revenue over $25M.

Overbilling, meaning billings in excess of costs, is when you've billed more than the percentage of completion warrants. Underbilling, meaning costs in excess of billings, is when you've billed less. Both appear on the balance sheet through the WIP schedule and both affect how lenders, bonding companies, and buyers read your financial health.

The WIP schedule reconciles every active job's percent complete against its billed amount. Jobs that are overbilled are a liability. Jobs that are underbilled are an asset. The net position tells you whether your company's reported revenue is backed by work performed. Bonding companies, banks, and buyers all require a WIP schedule.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, SPM The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · SPM THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Josh Luebker is a master electrician turned construction CFO, president of SPM The Construction CFO and author of CONTROL: C.F.O.S. Construction Financial Operating System.

IS YOUR PERCENT COMPLETE COMING FROM COST OR FROM BILLING?

Expect twenty minutes of questions about how percent complete gets calculated on your jobs and who calculates it, with no pitch and no proposal attached. If Josh can help, you'll set a longer second call.

You don't hire a CFO because it's safe, you do it because the real risk isn't having one.
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