LABOR DECISION

EMPLOYEE VS SUBCONTRACTOR.

QUICK ANSWER

Most contractors make this call on habit or on capacity rather than on a disciplined financial comparison. The comparison that works puts your fully loaded employee cost per hour, wage plus every burden item plus an overhead allocation, against the subcontract rate for the same scope at the same quality and reliability. The lower number wins, but only where quality, reliability, and classification compliance are equal, and the third one is where contractors get hurt.

The mistake almost everybody makes is comparing a base wage to a subcontract rate. A base wage is one line inside a cost, and once FICA, FUTA, SUTA, workers comp, health coverage, retirement, and PTO go on top of it, the hour is a different number entirely. Then there's the utilization question underneath it: an employee you can't keep busy costs you the idle hours too, and a subcontractor you can turn off doesn't. Both of those belong in the comparison before anybody decides anything.

BY JOSH LUEBKERPublished 2026-08-06Updated 2026-10-26
THE DEFINITION

WHAT IT MEANS.

The employee versus subcontractor decision is the choice to self-perform a scope with your own crews or buy it from a subcontractor, and it affects labor cost, financial risk, cash flow, IRS compliance, and how far the business can scale.

Using subcontractors moves some risk off your books and not all of it. If a sub performs poorly you're still answerable to the GC. If a sub doesn't pay their suppliers, your project can get liened. If a sub walks off, you're finishing their scope at your cost. Those exposures belong in the financial analysis as a real number rather than as a footnote.

WHAT WE SEE IN THIS BUSINESS

WHY THE MATH NEVER WORKS OUT.

01

You're deciding without the true cost numbers

The comparison requires knowing your fully loaded employee cost per hour, not just the base wage, and setting that against the subcontract rate for the same work at the expected quality and reliability. Most contractors compare a base wage to a subcontract rate and then wonder why the math never seems to work out. It never works out because one side of the comparison is missing half its cost.

02

IRS misclassification is a serious financial risk

Treating workers as 1099 subcontractors when they meet the IRS definition of employees creates real liability: back payroll taxes, penalties, interest, and potentially back benefits. IRS and state labor department audits of construction companies are common rather than rare. Misclassification that looked like a cost saving becomes an expensive problem the day it's discovered.

03

Subcontractor risk gets underestimated

Using subcontractors moves some risk off your books but not all of it. If a subcontractor performs poorly you're still answerable to the GC, if they don't pay their suppliers your project may be liened, and if they abandon the work you finish it at your cost. Those exposures need to be inside the financial analysis rather than discovered on the job.

HOW SPM FIXES IT

HOW THE DECISION GETS MADE.

The true cost comparison framework

Employee cost per hour is the base wage plus all burden, FICA, FUTA, SUTA, workers comp, health, retirement, and PTO, plus an overhead allocation. Subcontractor cost per hour is the subcontract rate plus your cost to manage that subcontractor, meaning administrative time, insurance monitoring, and lien waiver management. Compare those two figures at your expected utilization rate for the work, and the lower number wins where quality, reliability, and classification compliance are equal.

IRS classification rules for construction workers

The IRS applies a multi-factor test covering behavioral control, financial control, and the type of relationship. A construction worker who works only for you, uses your tools, works your hours, and follows your direction is almost certainly an employee regardless of how they're paid or what the contract says. SPM coordinates with your CPA on classification questions and makes sure the 1099 payments in your books are going to legitimate independent contractors.

A financial model for the significant calls

When the decision is a large one, adding a crew, bringing a trade in-house, or expanding into a new scope, the choice gets a financial model rather than a conversation. True employee cost at expected utilization against the subcontract rate, adjusted for subcontractor reliability and classification exposure. The decision ends up based on math and not on a gut call.

$10.7M+
Client AR Recovered Since 2023
48
Active Trade Specializations
60 DAYS
Average Onboarding Time
PRICING

FLAT MONTHLY FEE. NO SURPRISES.

Three tiers, priced by your trailing twelve month revenue. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No hourly billing. No payroll. The one-time onboarding fee is right here in the table.

Last 12 months revenueMonthly feeOne-time onboarding
Under $1M$1,900 to $3,300$1,000
$1M to $3.5M$2,600 to $5,300$1,500
$3.5M to $6.5M$3,800 to $8,300$3,000
$6.5M to $9.5M$5,100 to $11,800$4,500
$9.5M to $12.5M$6,100 to $14,900$6,000
$12.5M to $15.5M$7,400 to $17,650$7,500
$15.5M to $18.5M$9,400 to $22,400$9,000
$18.5M+Quoted individuallyQuoted individually

The onboarding fee covers migrating your books back to the start of your last taxable year and getting you fully operational in 60 days. It's billed once, with your first invoice. It's the same for all three tiers. Your first month is prorated, and your monthly engagement starts on the first of the first full month.

Range reflects the three tiers below. Which one you're in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. No payroll. No hidden line items. The onboarding fee is right here in the table.

Core

You stop guessing.

You get the CFO work. Job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a meeting every month that ends in decisions and never in a report.

Your bookkeeper still does the books.

Strategic

Every job shows its margin while it is still open.

Everything in Core, plus the bookkeeping and bank reconciliations done for you, and the job costing and WIP software set up, loaded with your cost codes, and managed every month. Use your own online software, or move to ours and we cover it.

A bookkeeper we choose does the books and reconciliations. No payroll.

Platinum

You approve, and the money side gets handled.

Everything in Strategic, plus a controller we choose who handles your bills and receivables for you the way an in-house controller would. They call vendors, pay the bills and keep the accounting current. We plan the cash flow first, and you approve every payment because it is your money.

A controller we choose does the payables and receivables. No payroll, no pay applications, no collections.

COMMON QUESTIONS

FREQUENTLY ASKED.

Generally, once you can keep an employee productively deployed at 70 percent or more of available hours, the fully loaded employee cost per hour typically beats the subcontract rate for most commercial trades. Below 50 percent utilization, subcontracting is usually cheaper once you account for the full employee cost including idle time. The breakeven in between depends on your trade, your burden rates, and the subcontract rate available in your market.

This is a high risk area. Prevailing wage rules apply to all workers on covered projects, whether they're classified as employees or as contractors. Using 1099 workers on prevailing wage jobs without paying prevailing wage rates creates Davis-Bacon compliance liability and IRS misclassification risk at the same time. Talk to your construction attorney before using 1099 workers on a prevailing wage project.

Three tiers, and which one you are in depends on how much of the work you want off your desk. Core is where you stop guessing: job costing built against the way you estimate, a 13 week cash forecast, monthly WIP, and a monthly meeting that ends in decisions, while your bookkeeper keeps doing the books. Strategic is where every job shows its margin while it is still open: a bookkeeper we choose does the books and the bank reconciliations, and the job costing and WIP software is set up and managed for you, on your own online software or ours. Platinum is where you approve and the money side gets handled: a controller we choose handles your bills and receivables the way an in-house controller would, and you approve every payment. No payroll. No scope gaps.

Sixty days. We migrate your books back to the start of your last taxable year, set up ControlQore, and build your job costing structure from scratch. Fully operational in two months.
WHAT THIS TIES INTO
Josh Luebker, SPM The Construction CFO
Josh Luebker
FRACTIONAL CFO · SPM THE CONSTRUCTION CFO

Josh Luebker is a master electrician turned construction CFO, president of SPM The Construction CFO and author of CONTROL: C.F.O.S. Construction Financial Operating System.

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